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The Maghrib prayer ((アラビア語:صلاة المغرب) ', '"West () prayer"), prayed just after sunset, is the fourth of five formal daily prayers (''salat'') performed by practicing Muslims. The formal daily prayers of Islam comprise different numbers of units, called ''rak'at''. The Maghrib prayer has three obligatory (''fard'') rak'at and two recommended ''sunnah'' and two non-obligatory ''nafls''. The first two fard rak'ats are prayed aloud by the Imam in congregation, (the person who missed the congregation and is offering prayer alone is not bound to speak the first two rak'ats aloud), and the third is prayed silently. To be considered valid ''salat'', the formal daily prayers must each be performed within their own prescribed time period. People with a legitimate reason have a longer period during which their prayers will be valid. ==Sunni tradition== Time begins *When the sun has completely set beneath the horizon; immediately after the Asr prayer period ends. Time ends *According to the predominant opinions of the Maliki and Shafi'i schools of law, the prescribed prayer time ends as soon as enough time for a person to purify him/herself and pray has passed. After that, according to the Maliki school, the Period of Necessity lasts until a little before dawn, i.e., the beginning of Fajr prayer. *Most other scholarly opinions hold that the time for Maghrib prayer ends when the time for Isha'a salat begins. There is disagreement amongst Sunni scholars as to when that occurs. According to the Hanafi school, Isha'a begins when complete darkness has arrived and the yellow twilight in the sky has disappeared. *According to a minority opinion in the Maliki school, the prescribed time for Maghrib prayer ends when the red thread has disappeared from the sky. In another opinion of the Shafi'i school, the disappearance of the red thread marks the end of the Period of Necessity. These times can be approximated by using the sun as a measure. When the sun has descended 12 degrees below the horizon, it is approximately equivalent to the disappearance of the red from the sky. For approximating when complete darkness begins, i.e. the disappearance of the white thread from the sky, some astronomers argue that it occurs when the sun has descended 15 degrees below the horizon while others use the safer number of 18 degrees. File:'Prayers at Sunset, Udaipur, India', woodblock print by Charles W. Bartlett, 1919, Honolulu Academy of Arts.jpg|Maghrib prayer in Udaipur, Mughal Empire. Image:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg| Voluntary prayers accompanying Maghrib in Cairo, Egypt, in 1865. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maghrib prayer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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